{"id":2113,"date":"2026-11-10T23:54:29","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T23:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/cec-refused-work-while-studying-self-employment\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T05:27:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T05:27:42","slug":"cec-refused-work-while-studying-self-employment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/cec-refused-work-while-studying-self-employment\/","title":{"rendered":"Canadian Experience Class refused because your work did not count: studies, self-employment and status"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lawgical-byline\"><em>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/pardeep-grewal\/\">Pardeep S. Grewal<\/a>, lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation \u00b7 Reviewed November 10, 2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"lawgical-credentials\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><em>Pardeep S. Grewal is a lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation, called to the BC bar in 2024, and a member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawsociety.bc.ca\/lsbc\/apps\/lkup\/directory\/mbr-search.cfm\">Law Society of British Columbia<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Updated November 10, 2026: section 87.1 of the Regulations checked that day.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"lg-glance\">\n<p><strong>The fix:<\/strong> judicial review if the officer excluded work that should have counted; otherwise a new profile once you have 12 months that qualify.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The deadline:<\/strong> 15 days if you are in Canada, 60 days if outside (<a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-72.html\">IRPA s.72<\/a>). Reconsideration does not stop this clock.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why a lawyer:<\/strong> whether a period was &#8220;full-time study&#8221; or &#8220;self-employment&#8221; is often arguable, and only a lawyer can take it to the Federal Court. <a href=\"#lawyer-or-consultant\">Why a lawyer<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/book-a-consultation\/?topic=express-entry-refusal\">Book a consultation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lg-team\" style=\"margin:16px 0 20px\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600\">The lawyers who review these refusals<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:flex-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/sundeep-grewal\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-sundeep-grewal-240.webp\" alt=\"Sundeep S. Grewal, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Sundeep S. Grewal<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/prabhpreet-sangha\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-prabhpreet-sangha-240.webp\" alt=\"Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/pardeep-grewal\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-pardeep-grewal-240.webp\" alt=\"Pardeep S. Grewal, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Pardeep S. Grewal<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<details style=\"margin-top:10px;border:1px solid #d9dee5;border-radius:6px;padding:8px 12px\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;font-weight:600\">About our lawyers<\/summary>\n<div style=\"margin-top:8px;font-size:.92em\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/sundeep-grewal\/\">Sundeep S. Grewal<\/a><\/strong> founded Lawgical Law Corporation and argues immigration cases at the Immigration and Refugee Board and the Federal Court of Canada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/prabhpreet-sangha\/\">Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha<\/a><\/strong> focuses on refugee claims, immigration appeals, inadmissibility, detention reviews and Federal Court cases, and has presented at Continuing Legal Education seminars and the National Immigration Conference.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/pardeep-grewal\/\">Pardeep S. Grewal<\/a><\/strong> is an immigration and estates lawyer known for clear communication and practical strategy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<p>If your Canadian Experience Class application was refused because some of your work did not count, the officer was applying section 87.1(3) of the Regulations. Work done while you were a full-time student does not count. Self-employment does not count. Work done without status or without authorization does not count. If what was left was under 12 months, the application fails. Where the officer put a period in the wrong box, such as treating an employee as self-employed or a part-time student as full-time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/immigration\/refusals-appeals-judicial-review\/\">judicial review<\/a> can send it back.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lawgical-firm-line\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/immigration\/refusals-appeals-judicial-review\/\">Lawgical Law Corporation<\/a>, an immigration law firm in Surrey, Abbotsford and Vancouver, BC, reviews Express Entry refusals and takes them to the Federal Court; this guide is by Pardeep S. Grewal.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rule\">What does section 87.1 exclude?<\/h2>\n<p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/sor-2002-227\/section-87.1.html\">section 87.1(2)<\/a>, you need &#8220;at least one year of full-time work experience, or the equivalent in part-time work experience&#8221; in Canada in the three years before you apply, in TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3. Section 87.1(3) then says:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;any period of employment during which the foreign national was engaged in full-time study shall not be included&#8221;;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;any period of self-employment or unauthorized work shall not be included&#8221;;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;the foreign national must have had temporary resident status during their period of work experience.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"lawyer-or-consultant\">Why this needs a lawyer<\/h2>\n<p><strong>One lawyer, one file, every step:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>going through each period of work and how the officer classified it;<\/li>\n<li>judicial review within 15 or 60 days;<\/li>\n<li>a new profile when you have 12 qualifying months, or another program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Immigration lawyers are members of a provincial law society (in our case, the Law Society of British Columbia), and only lawyers can appear for you in the Federal Court.<\/p>\n<p>Reconsideration is often suggested by people who cannot represent you in the Federal Court. It is discretionary, rarely changes the result and does not stop the deadline.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"options\">What are my options?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Get the officer&#8217;s notes<\/strong> to see which months were excluded and why.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Judicial review<\/strong> if an excluded period was not really full-time study, self-employment or unauthorized work. 15 or 60 days.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A new profile<\/strong> once you have 12 months of qualifying work after graduation or after leaving self-employment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Another program,<\/strong> such as a provincial nominee stream, if it treats your experience differently.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reconsideration request.<\/strong> Discretionary, rarely changes the result and does not stop the court deadline.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"case\">What did the Court say in Kaur?<\/h2>\n<p>In <em>Kaur v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2024 FC 1427, the applicant&#8217;s Canadian work had been done under a work permit issued to her as a self-employed person or entrepreneur. The officer refused because self-employed work does not count for the Canadian Experience Class, and the Court dismissed her challenge.<\/p>\n<p><em>The lesson I take from Kaur is to look at the permit itself, not just the job. If the permit was issued for self-employment, the experience will usually not count, whatever the business looked like day to day.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"table\">CEC exclusions at a glance<\/h2>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Work during<\/th>\n<th>Counts for CEC?<\/th>\n<th>Source<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Full-time study<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>IRPR s.87.1(3)(a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Self-employment<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>IRPR s.87.1(3)(b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Unauthorized work<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>IRPR s.87.1(3)(b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>No temporary resident status<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>IRPR s.87.1(3)(c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Employee, after graduation, with status<\/td>\n<td>Yes, if TEER 0\u20133 and duties match<\/td>\n<td>IRPR s.87.1(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"example\">Worked example: counting what is left<\/h2>\n<p>Example. A graduate worked 20 hours a week for 18 months during her full-time program, then full-time for 9 months after graduating on a post-graduation work permit. The 18 months during studies do not count. The 9 months after do, which is short of 12. She needs 3 more months of full-time work before applying.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"evidence\">What helps<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Your school records<\/strong> showing exactly when you were a full-time student and when you were not.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pay stubs and T4s<\/strong> showing you were an employee, not a contractor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Your permits,<\/strong> showing you had status and authorization for each period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"mistakes\">Mistakes I have seen<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>I have seen graduates count co-op work, part-time work and full-time summer-break work done during their program. None of it counts.<\/li>\n<li>I have seen contractors paid on invoices claim to be employees without the records to show it.<\/li>\n<li>I have seen people include months worked after their permit expired and before restoration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Does work during a scheduled break count?<\/summary>\n<p>Generally no. IRCC treats work during summer, winter or reading breaks within an ongoing full-time program as student work, so it is excluded under section 87.1(3)(a), even if you were allowed to work full-time during the break. Work after you complete the program, while properly authorized to work, is assessed separately and may count.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>I was paid as a contractor. Is that self-employment?<\/summary>\n<p>Often, but not always. Officers look at the actual relationship, not only the label. Records of control, hours and pay matter.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can the excluded work count for a provincial program?<\/summary>\n<p>Some provincial streams have different rules. Check the stream before reapplying.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<h2 id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n<p>See our guides on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wrong-noc-refused-duties-fit-another-occupation\/\">a wrong NOC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/express-entry-refused-reference-letter\/\">an Express Entry refusal over a reference letter<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/express-entry-category-draw-refused\/\">a refused category draw<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lg-related\">Related guides: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/express-entry-remote-work-foreign-employer-not-counted\/\">remote work for a foreign employer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-to-do-now\">What should I do right now?<\/h2>\n<p>Write down the date of the refusal and whether you were in or outside Canada. List every period of work with your study status and permit for each. Count the months that qualify.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/book-a-consultation\/?topic=express-entry-refusal\"><strong>Book a consultation<\/strong><\/a> with our immigration lawyers in Surrey, Abbotsford or Vancouver, or online from anywhere.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sources\">Sources (official)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/sor-2002-227\/section-87.1.html\">Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, s. 87.1<\/a> (current to October 19, 2026)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-72.html\">Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, s. 72<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Kaur v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2024 FC 1427 (September 11, 2024)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>This article is general information, not legal advice. Every case depends on its own facts.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Pardeep S. Grewal, lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation \u00b7 Reviewed November 10, 2026 Pardeep S. Grewal is a lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation, called to the BC bar in 2024, and a member of the Law Society of British Columbia. Updated November 10, 2026: section 87.1 of the Regulations checked that day. The fix: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lawgical_date_hold":"1794354869|1794375758","_lawgical_plain_src":"","_lawgical_plain_html":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CEC Refused? Work While Studying or Self-Employment Excluded<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Canadian Experience Class refused because work during studies or self-employment did not count? What section 87.1(3) excludes, and your options.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/cec-refused-work-while-studying-self-employment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CEC Refused? Work While Studying or Self-Employment Excluded\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Canadian Experience Class refused because work during studies or self-employment did not count? 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