{"id":2039,"date":"2026-11-10T17:49:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T17:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/misrepresentation-undisclosed-visa-refusal\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T20:49:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T20:49:52","slug":"misrepresentation-undisclosed-visa-refusal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/misrepresentation-undisclosed-visa-refusal\/","title":{"rendered":"Misrepresentation for not disclosing a previous visa refusal: your options and the 15- or 60-day deadline"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lawgical-byline\"><em>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/sundeep-grewal\/\">Sundeep S. Grewal<\/a>, lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation \u00b7 Reviewed November 10, 2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"lawgical-credentials\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><em>Sundeep S. Grewal is a lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation, called to the BC bar in 2018, and a member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawsociety.bc.ca\/lsbc\/apps\/lkup\/directory\/mbr-search.cfm\">Law Society of British Columbia<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"lg-glance\">\n<p><strong>The fix:<\/strong> a careful answer to the procedural fairness letter before the decision, and judicial review in the Federal Court if you are found inadmissible. A judge can set aside a misrepresentation finding and the 5-year ban that comes with it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The deadline:<\/strong> the date in the fairness letter for your answer. After the decision, 15 days from notice if you are in Canada, 60 days if outside (<a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-72.html\">IRPA s.72<\/a>). Reconsideration does not stop this clock.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why a lawyer:<\/strong> only a lawyer can take this to the Federal Court, and the fairness letter answer becomes the record the court reads. <a href=\"#lawyer-or-consultant\">Why a lawyer<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/book-a-consultation\/?topic=misrepresentation\">Book a consultation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lg-team\" style=\"margin:16px 0 20px\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600\">The lawyers who review these refusals<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:flex-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/sundeep-grewal\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-sundeep-grewal-240.webp\" alt=\"Sundeep S. Grewal, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Sundeep S. Grewal<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/prabhpreet-sangha\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-prabhpreet-sangha-240.webp\" alt=\"Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/pardeep-grewal\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/blog-lawyer-pardeep-grewal-240.webp\" alt=\"Pardeep S. Grewal, Barrister and Solicitor\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:120px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 12%;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:0 auto 5px\"><span style=\"display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.2\">Pardeep S. Grewal<\/span><span style=\"display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#555;line-height:1.25\">Barrister and Solicitor<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<details style=\"margin-top:10px;border:1px solid #d9dee5;border-radius:6px;padding:8px 12px\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;font-weight:600\">About our lawyers<\/summary>\n<div style=\"margin-top:8px;font-size:.92em\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/sundeep-grewal\/\">Sundeep S. Grewal<\/a><\/strong> founded Lawgical Law Corporation and argues immigration cases at the Immigration and Refugee Board and the Federal Court of Canada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/prabhpreet-sangha\/\">Prabhpreet Kaur Sangha<\/a><\/strong> focuses on refugee claims, immigration appeals, inadmissibility, detention reviews and Federal Court cases, and has presented at Continuing Legal Education seminars and the National Immigration Conference.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/about\/pardeep-grewal\/\">Pardeep S. Grewal<\/a><\/strong> is an immigration and estates lawyer known for clear communication and practical strategy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<p>If IRCC sent you a procedural fairness letter, or refused your application and banned you for five years, because you answered &#8220;no&#8221; to the question about previous visa refusals when you had been refused by the US, the UK or Canada before, the fix depends on the stage. Before a decision, a written answer can explain the omission and why it did not matter. After a decision, the remedy is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/immigration\/refusals-appeals-judicial-review\/\">judicial review<\/a> in the Federal Court within 15 days if you are in Canada or 60 days if you are outside. Only a lawyer can represent you there. This guide uses an undisclosed US refusal as the example, but I also review misrepresentation findings over UK, Schengen, Australian and earlier Canadian refusals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lawgical-firm-line\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/immigration\/inadmissibility\/\">Lawgical Law Corporation<\/a>, an immigration law firm in Surrey, Abbotsford and Vancouver, BC, answers misrepresentation letters and challenges misrepresentation findings in the Federal Court for applicants in Canada and abroad; this guide is by Sundeep S. Grewal.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"letter\">What does a misrepresentation finding under section 40(1)(a) say?<\/h2>\n<p>In these files the officer has found a refusal you did not list, usually through information sharing with the US, UK, Australia or New Zealand, or in IRCC&#8217;s own records. The officer accepts that you may not have meant to hide it. What the officer says is that the form asked a clear question, your answer was wrong, and a wrong answer to a background question is serious enough to make you inadmissible for five years.<\/p>\n<p>You will often see phrases like these in the fairness letter and the decision:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;I am concerned that you may be inadmissible to Canada under A40(1) for misrepresentation of material fact.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;the info provided in response to the statutory questions was not truthful and complete, and that material information was omitted &#8211; even if not deliberately &#8211; namely the hitherto undisclosed visa refusal(s)&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The client has not disabused me of the concerns of factual misrepresentation&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;In accordance with paragraph A40(2)(a), you will remain inadmissible [..] for a period of five years&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Other wording that appears in these decisions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Under A16(1), a person who makes an application must answer truthfully to all questions put to them&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Claiming ignorance of the process does not exempt an applicant from meeting the expectations.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;if an applicant is unsure whether they have been refused a visa in the past [..] it would nonetheless be their obligation to enquire&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;At a prior refusal, you were found inadmissible to Canada for misrepresentation&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In other words, the officer treats the omission itself as the misrepresentation, often without saying how it could have changed the decision. That gap is where many of these cases are won or lost.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"lawyer-or-consultant\">Why this needs a lawyer<\/h2>\n<p><strong>One lawyer, one file, every step:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>answering the fairness letter with the explanation and the evidence that matter;<\/li>\n<li>judicial review of a misrepresentation finding within 15 days (in Canada) or 60 days (outside);<\/li>\n<li>arguing it in the Federal Court;<\/li>\n<li>a new application or a temporary resident permit, if the ban stays in place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A misrepresentation case turns on two legal tests: whether the omission was material, and whether the innocent mistake exception applies. Both are built from Federal Court case law, and a fairness letter answer that does not address them leaves the court nothing to work with later.<\/p>\n<p>Immigration lawyers are members of a provincial law society (in our case, the Law Society of British Columbia), and only lawyers can appear for you in the Federal Court.<\/p>\n<p>Reconsideration is often suggested by people who cannot represent you in the Federal Court. It is discretionary, rarely changes the result and does not stop the deadline.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"options\">What are my options?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Have a lawyer review the letter or the decision and the officer&#8217;s notes.<\/strong> Find out exactly which refusal IRCC found, and what you said about it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>If you only have a fairness letter: answer it in writing by the date given.<\/strong> Explain why the refusal was left off, with proof, and why it could not have changed the outcome. Ask for more time in writing before the deadline if you need it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>If you have a decision: judicial review in the Federal Court.<\/strong> 15 days in Canada, 60 days outside. A judge can send the file back to a different officer, which also removes the 5-year finding unless the new officer makes it again.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A temporary resident permit,<\/strong> if you need to come to Canada during the five years for a compelling reason.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reconsideration request.<\/strong> Discretionary, rarely changes the result and does not stop the court deadline.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The court deadline does not wait for the other options.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"challenge\">Could the finding be challenged in court?<\/h2>\n<p>The strongest argument, in my view, is materiality. Section 40(1)(a) requires a misrepresentation that &#8220;induces or could induce an error in the administration of this Act&#8221;. An omission is not automatically material. In <em>Chater v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2026 FC 588, the applicant did not list three US visa refusals. The officer found he was inadmissible for five years, and the Federal Court set the decision aside because the officer never explained how the omission could have led to an error. As the Court put it, &#8220;Materiality cannot be presumed.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The second argument is the innocent mistake exception. It applies where the applicant honestly and reasonably believed they were not withholding anything, and the knowledge of the fact was beyond their control. It is narrow. In <em>Gomes v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2025 FC 1982, the applicant said she thought her 2013 US application had been withdrawn, not refused. The Court upheld the finding: an applicant who is unsure whether they were refused must find out, or at least disclose the possibility.<\/p>\n<p>The third argument is fairness. The officer must tell you the concern and give you a real chance to answer, and must deal with the answer you give. A decision that does not mention your explanation at all is hard to defend.<\/p>\n<p>Under <em>Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov<\/em>, 2019 SCC 65, the reasons must show why the officer reached the result, not just state it.<\/p>\n<p>Whether these arguments fit your case depends on what the refusal was, how old it was, who filled in the form and what you said in your answer.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rules\">What does section 40 require?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-40.html\">Paragraph 40(1)(a) of the Act<\/a> makes a person inadmissible &#8220;for directly or indirectly misrepresenting or withholding material facts relating to a relevant matter that induces or could induce an error in the administration of this Act.&#8221; &#8220;Indirectly&#8221; means it applies even when a consultant or agent filled in the form for you.<\/p>\n<p>Under paragraph 40(2)(a), the inadmissibility lasts five years: from the final decision if it was made outside Canada, or from the date the removal order is enforced if it was made in Canada. Under subsection 40(3), you cannot apply for permanent residence during those five years.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"table\">Misrepresentation at a glance<\/h2>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Question<\/th>\n<th>Answer<\/th>\n<th>Source<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>How long is the ban?<\/td>\n<td>5 years<\/td>\n<td>IRPA s.40(2)(a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>When does it start?<\/td>\n<td>Outside Canada: the final decision. In Canada: the date the removal order is enforced<\/td>\n<td>IRPA s.40(2)(a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Can I apply for PR during the ban?<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<td>IRPA s.40(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Does it matter that my agent filled in the form?<\/td>\n<td>Usually not: &#8220;directly or indirectly&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>IRPA s.40(1)(a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Court deadline<\/td>\n<td>15 days in Canada; 60 days outside<\/td>\n<td>IRPA s.72(2)(b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Federal Court filing fee<\/td>\n<td>$50 (as of November 10, 2026)<\/td>\n<td>Federal Courts Rules, Tariff A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"cases\">How is Chater different from Gomes?<\/h2>\n<p>Both applicants left US visa refusals off their forms, and both said it was a mistake. The difference was in what the officer wrote:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In Chater the officer never explained materiality.<\/strong> The notes said information &#8220;was omitted &#8211; even if not deliberately&#8221; and stopped there. The Court said that bare conclusion was not enough.<\/li>\n<li><strong>In Gomes the officer dealt with the explanation.<\/strong> The officer addressed her belief that the application had been withdrawn and explained why it did not excuse the omission.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The innocent mistake argument did not decide either case.<\/strong> Chater won on materiality without reaching it; in Gomes it failed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>The lesson is that the officer&#8217;s reasons decide these cases. An answer to the fairness letter that gives the officer something specific to deal with makes a bare conclusion easier to challenge later.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"variants\">Refused for a different undisclosed fact?<\/h2>\n<p>I also review misrepresentation findings for undisclosed criminal charges, undeclared family members, previous marriages, fake or altered documents filed by an agent, and fake job offers. See our guides on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/fake-job-offer-lmia-misrepresentation\/\">a fake job offer or LMIA and a 5-year ban<\/a> and on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/what-happens-if-you-get-a-letter-from-ircc\/\">what each IRCC letter means<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"example\">Worked example: the 60-day deadline from outside Canada<\/h2>\n<p>Example. A visitor visa applicant living outside Canada was told on October 1, 2026 that she was inadmissible for misrepresentation. She is outside Canada, so she has 60 days from notice: November 30, 2026. If she had been in Canada (for example, applying to extend a study permit), the deadline would have been October 16, 2026. If the last day falls on a weekend or holiday, it moves to the next business day.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"evidence\">What to send with a fairness letter answer<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The refusal you left off:<\/strong> the letter, its date and the type of visa, or proof of what you believed (for example, an email saying the application was withdrawn).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Who filled in the form:<\/strong> a statement and, if an agent did it, proof of what you gave them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Why it could not change the result:<\/strong> for example, that the old refusal was for a reason that does not apply to this application, or that IRCC already had the information.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Your other disclosures:<\/strong> proof that you disclosed other refusals or history honestly elsewhere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"mistakes\">Mistakes I have seen<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>I have seen answers to fairness letters that only apologize. An apology admits the omission without addressing materiality or the innocent mistake test.<\/li>\n<li>I have seen people blame their agent without any proof of what they told the agent. &#8220;Indirectly&#8221; means the agent&#8217;s mistake is usually still yours.<\/li>\n<li>I have seen people send a new application during the five years, listing the refusal this time, and get refused again because the ban was still in force.<\/li>\n<li>I have seen people let the 60-day deadline pass because they thought it only applied to people in Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Is not disclosing a US visa refusal always misrepresentation?<\/summary>\n<p>No. The omission must be material, and the officer must explain why it could have induced an error. An honest and reasonable mistake about something beyond your knowledge can also be an exception.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can I reapply during the five years?<\/summary>\n<p>You cannot apply for permanent residence during the five years. A temporary application during the ban will usually be refused for inadmissibility unless a temporary resident permit is issued.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does it matter how old the refusal was?<\/summary>\n<p>The form asks about all refusals, so age does not remove the duty to disclose. Age can matter to whether the omission was material.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>My consultant filled in the form. Am I still responsible?<\/summary>\n<p>Usually yes, because section 40 covers misrepresentation made &#8220;directly or indirectly&#8221;. What you told the consultant, and what they did with it, can still matter to the innocent mistake argument.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does a misrepresentation finding affect my family?<\/summary>\n<p>It can. Under section 42, family members can be refused because someone in the family is inadmissible. Where a permanent resident sponsor is involved, we usually ask the officer for a humanitarian exemption. Where everyone is a temporary resident, that exemption is rarely granted, so each family&#8217;s options have to be looked at separately.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Should I disclose a refusal I am not sure about?<\/summary>\n<p>Yes. The Federal Court has said that if you are unsure, you must find out or disclose the possibility.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<p class=\"lg-related\">Related guides: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/agent-fake-documents-misrepresentation\/\">an agent who submitted fake documents<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/citizenship-revocation-notice\/\">a citizenship revocation notice<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/refused-section-16-1-irpa\/\">a section 16(1) refusal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/denied-entry-us-five-year-ban-canada\/\">a US refusal of entry and Canadian forms<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/pnp-aip-moved-provinces-permanent-resident\/\">moving provinces after PNP or AIP PR<\/a>. See also our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/blog\/procedural-fairness-letter-ircc\/\">how to respond to a procedural fairness letter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-to-do-now\">What should I do right now?<\/h2>\n<p>Find the date on the fairness letter or the decision, and gather the old refusal letter and everything that shows what you knew when you filled in the form. If you already have a decision, note whether you were in or outside Canada: that decides whether you have 15 or 60 days, and fifteen days passes fast.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawgicalcorp.com\/book-a-consultation\/?topic=misrepresentation\"><strong>Book a consultation<\/strong><\/a> with our immigration lawyers in Surrey, Abbotsford or Vancouver, or online from anywhere.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sources\">Sources (official)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-40.html\">Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, s. 40<\/a> (current to October 19, 2026; last amended March 26, 2026), s. 16 and <a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/i-2.5\/section-72.html\">s. 72<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Chater v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2026 FC 588 (May 4, 2026)<\/li>\n<li><em>Gomes v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)<\/em>, 2025 FC 1982 (December 17, 2025)<\/li>\n<li><em>Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov<\/em>, 2019 SCC 65<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>This article is general information, not legal advice. Every case depends on its own facts.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Sundeep S. Grewal, lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation \u00b7 Reviewed November 10, 2026 Sundeep S. Grewal is a lawyer at Lawgical Law Corporation, called to the BC bar in 2018, and a member of the Law Society of British Columbia. The fix: a careful answer to the procedural fairness letter before the decision, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lawgical_date_hold":"1794332994|1794375747","_lawgical_plain_src":"","_lawgical_plain_html":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Didn&#039;t Disclose a Visa Refusal? Misrepresentation Options<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IRCC says you hid a previous US, UK or Canadian visa refusal and banned you for 5 years? 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